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2024-09-27

Future-Proof Platform Strategy for Passenger Cars

A platform strategy for passenger vehicles that utilizes a flexible and modular architecture enables quick adaptation to various vehicle classes (B, C, D) and markets. The key to this strategy is an electric base architecture, characterized by its scalability and adaptability to support different powertrain options and energy storage. 

Here is a detailed strategy:

1. Core Concept of the Platform Architecture
The platform is based on an electric main drive, where electric motors can be installed on the front axle, rear axle, or both axles. This allows for flexible drive configurations such as front-wheel, rear-wheel, or all-wheel drive. The platform can be equipped with one or two drive modules to meet a variety of performance requirements.

Drive Architecture:
- Single Drive: One electric motor on either the front or rear axle for vehicles with lower power requirements (e.g., B-Class).
- Dual Drive: Electric motors on both axles for higher performance or all-wheel drive (e.g., C- and D-Class).

2. Modular Energy Storage 
The energy storage, i.e., the battery, has a base capacity of 10 kWh, which can be increased up to 100 kWh. This allows vehicles to be optimized for different ranges and performance requirements.

Battery Capacities and Markets:
- Small Batteries (10–30 kWh): For urban vehicles or markets dominated by short-distance travel (e.g., B-Class).
- Medium Batteries (40–70 kWh): For C-segment vehicles offering a balance of range and performance.
- Large Batteries (80–100 kWh): For long-distance or performance-oriented D-Class vehicles.

3. Alternative Energy Supply Modules 
The much-discussed openness to technology is clearly focused on energy supply. Instead of a larger battery or as a supplement, vehicles can be equipped with a range extender, also known as EREV (Electric Range Extended Vehicle). These provide electric power. Two main options are available:

Options for Alternative Energy Supply:
3.1. Combustion Engine with Constant Power Output (approx. 30 kW): 
  - The engine runs at optimal efficiency, either using synthetic fuels, biofuels, or hydrogen. 
  - This solution is suitable for markets with limited charging infrastructure or range anxiety.

3.2. Hydrogen Fuel Cell: 
  - A fuel cell that converts hydrogen into electrical energy offers an emission-free and quiet solution for long-distance vehicles. 
  - Especially suitable for markets with access to hydrogen refueling stations and higher demand for zero-emission vehicles.

4. Adaptation for Vehicle Classes (B, C, D)
The platform is designed to serve different vehicle classes by scaling components (battery size, motor power) and adjusting chassis configurations:

B-Class (Small Cars):
- Configuration: One electric motor (front- or rear-wheel drive), battery of 10–30 kWh. 
- Target Market: Urban mobility, short-range needs. 
- Optional Features: Small range extender with combustion engine for longer ranges.

C-Class (Mid-range):
- Configuration: One or two electric motors (front- or all-wheel drive), battery of 40–70 kWh. 
- Target Market: Balance between urban and long-distance mobility. 
- Optional Features: Range extender (combustion engine or fuel cell) for longer distances.

D-Class (Luxury):
- Configuration: Two electric motors (all-wheel drive), battery of 70–100 kWh. 
- Target Market: Premium and long-distance vehicles with high performance. 
- Optional Features: Fuel cell or larger combustion engine as a range extender.

5. Flexible Production Processes 
The platform strategy allows for the quick manufacturing of vehicles across various classes and markets. The modular approach enables efficient use of production facilities, adjusting them to produce different vehicle types on the same production line. The focus is on:

- Modularization: Standardized battery and drive components for all vehicle classes.
- Scalable Manufacturing: Production of vehicles in both small and large series, depending on market demand.
- Local Adaptation: Tailoring vehicles to the specific needs of regional markets (e.g., larger batteries or alternative drive modules for markets with inadequate charging infrastructure).

6. Integration of Charging Infrastructure and Energy Supply 
The platform strategy also takes into account charging infrastructure and energy sources:
- Charging Options: Vehicles will offer both AC and DC fast-charging options. In markets with limited charging infrastructure, the range extender plays a crucial role.
- V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) Integration: Vehicles can be used as mobile energy storage to feed energy back into the grid, especially in markets with advanced smart grid technology.

7. Future-Proofing and Further Development 
The platform is future-proof and ready for upcoming technologies:
- Software Updates and Over-the-Air (OTA) Upgrades: Enable continuous improvements in efficiency, range, and vehicle performance.
- Preparation for New Energy Carriers: The platform is flexible enough to integrate new energy carriers such as synthetic fuels or alternative battery chemistries once they become available.

Conclusion 
This modular platform strategy enables the rapid development and production of passenger vehicles across various classes and markets. Key components like the electric drive, scalable battery, and alternative energy supply (combustion engine, fuel cell) offer flexibility and efficiency. This clear strategy to focus on openness in energy storage not only supports different markets and applications but also ensures that the vehicles are environmentally friendly and future-proof.